CVE-2025-68358 SUSE CVE security@suse.de SUSE Security Team SUSE CVE-2025-68358 Interim 1 1 2026-03-05T00:21:56Z current 2026-03-05T00:21:56Z 2026-03-05T00:21:56Z cve-database/bin/generate-cvrf-cve.pl 2020-12-27T01:00:00Z CVE-2025-68358 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix racy bitfield write in btrfs_clear_space_info_full() From the memory-barriers.txt document regarding memory barrier ordering guarantees: (*) These guarantees do not apply to bitfields, because compilers often generate code to modify these using non-atomic read-modify-write sequences. Do not attempt to use bitfields to synchronize parallel algorithms. (*) Even in cases where bitfields are protected by locks, all fields in a given bitfield must be protected by one lock. If two fields in a given bitfield are protected by different locks, the compiler's non-atomic read-modify-write sequences can cause an update to one field to corrupt the value of an adjacent field. btrfs_space_info has a bitfield sharing an underlying word consisting of the fields full, chunk_alloc, and flush: struct btrfs_space_info { struct btrfs_fs_info * fs_info; /* 0 8 */ struct btrfs_space_info * parent; /* 8 8 */ ... int clamp; /* 172 4 */ unsigned int full:1; /* 176: 0 4 */ unsigned int chunk_alloc:1; /* 176: 1 4 */ unsigned int flush:1; /* 176: 2 4 */ ... Therefore, to be safe from parallel read-modify-writes losing a write to one of the bitfield members protected by a lock, all writes to all the bitfields must use the lock. They almost universally do, except for btrfs_clear_space_info_full() which iterates over the space_infos and writes out found->full = 0 without a lock. Imagine that we have one thread completing a transaction in which we finished deleting a block_group and are thus calling btrfs_clear_space_info_full() while simultaneously the data reclaim ticket infrastructure is running do_async_reclaim_data_space(): T1 T2 btrfs_commit_transaction btrfs_clear_space_info_full data_sinfo->full = 0 READ: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 do_async_reclaim_data_space(data_sinfo) spin_lock(&space_info->lock); if(list_empty(tickets)) space_info->flush = 0; READ: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 MOD/WRITE: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:0 spin_unlock(&space_info->lock); return; MOD/WRITE: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 and now data_sinfo->flush is 1 but the reclaim worker has exited. This breaks the invariant that flush is 0 iff there is no work queued or running. Once this invariant is violated, future allocations that go into __reserve_bytes() will add tickets to space_info->tickets but will see space_info->flush is set to 1 and not queue the work. After this, they will block forever on the resulting ticket, as it is now impossible to kick the worker again. I also confirmed by looking at the assembly of the affected kernel that it is doing RMW operations. For example, to set the flush (3rd) bit to 0, the assembly is: andb $0xfb,0x60(%rbx) and similarly for setting the full (1st) bit to 0: andb $0xfe,-0x20(%rax) So I think this is really a bug on practical systems. I have observed a number of systems in this exact state, but am currently unable to reproduce it. Rather than leaving this footgun lying around for the future, take advantage of the fact that there is room in the struct anyway, and that it is already quite large and simply change the three bitfield members to bools. This avoids writes to space_info->full having any effect on ---truncated--- The CVRF data is provided by SUSE under the Creative Commons License 4.0 with Attribution (CC-BY-4.0). https://www.suse.com/support/security/rating/ SUSE Security Ratings SLES-LTSS-TERADATA 15 SP2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP3 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 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kernel-default-livepatch-devel as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-optional as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-vdso as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kselftests-kmp-default as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 ocfs2-kmp-default as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 reiserfs-kmp-default as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-devel as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-macros as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-source as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-source-vanilla as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-devel-azure as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-source-azure as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-devel-rt as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-source-rt as a component of openSUSE Leap 15.6 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix racy bitfield write in btrfs_clear_space_info_full() From the memory-barriers.txt document regarding memory barrier ordering guarantees: (*) These guarantees do not apply to bitfields, because compilers often generate code to modify these using non-atomic read-modify-write sequences. Do not attempt to use bitfields to synchronize parallel algorithms. (*) Even in cases where bitfields are protected by locks, all fields in a given bitfield must be protected by one lock. If two fields in a given bitfield are protected by different locks, the compiler's non-atomic read-modify-write sequences can cause an update to one field to corrupt the value of an adjacent field. btrfs_space_info has a bitfield sharing an underlying word consisting of the fields full, chunk_alloc, and flush: struct btrfs_space_info { struct btrfs_fs_info * fs_info; /* 0 8 */ struct btrfs_space_info * parent; /* 8 8 */ ... int clamp; /* 172 4 */ unsigned int full:1; /* 176: 0 4 */ unsigned int chunk_alloc:1; /* 176: 1 4 */ unsigned int flush:1; /* 176: 2 4 */ ... Therefore, to be safe from parallel read-modify-writes losing a write to one of the bitfield members protected by a lock, all writes to all the bitfields must use the lock. They almost universally do, except for btrfs_clear_space_info_full() which iterates over the space_infos and writes out found->full = 0 without a lock. Imagine that we have one thread completing a transaction in which we finished deleting a block_group and are thus calling btrfs_clear_space_info_full() while simultaneously the data reclaim ticket infrastructure is running do_async_reclaim_data_space(): T1 T2 btrfs_commit_transaction btrfs_clear_space_info_full data_sinfo->full = 0 READ: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 do_async_reclaim_data_space(data_sinfo) spin_lock(&space_info->lock); if(list_empty(tickets)) space_info->flush = 0; READ: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 MOD/WRITE: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:0 spin_unlock(&space_info->lock); return; MOD/WRITE: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1 and now data_sinfo->flush is 1 but the reclaim worker has exited. This breaks the invariant that flush is 0 iff there is no work queued or running. Once this invariant is violated, future allocations that go into __reserve_bytes() will add tickets to space_info->tickets but will see space_info->flush is set to 1 and not queue the work. After this, they will block forever on the resulting ticket, as it is now impossible to kick the worker again. I also confirmed by looking at the assembly of the affected kernel that it is doing RMW operations. For example, to set the flush (3rd) bit to 0, the assembly is: andb $0xfb,0x60(%rbx) and similarly for setting the full (1st) bit to 0: andb $0xfe,-0x20(%rax) So I think this is really a bug on practical systems. I have observed a number of systems in this exact state, but am currently unable to reproduce it. Rather than leaving this footgun lying around for the future, take advantage of the fact that there is room in the struct anyway, and that it is already quite large and simply change the three bitfield members to bools. This avoids writes to space_info->full having any effect on ---truncated--- CVE-2025-68358 openSUSE Tumbleweed:kernel-devel-6.18.5-1.1 openSUSE Tumbleweed:kernel-macros-6.18.5-1.1 openSUSE Tumbleweed:kernel-source-6.18.5-1.1 openSUSE Tumbleweed:kernel-source-vanilla-6.18.5-1.1 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE:kernel-default SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE:kernel-default-base SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE:kernel-default-devel SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE:kernel-source SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS:kernel-default SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS:kernel-source moderate 5.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H