amif {tseries} | R Documentation |
Computes and plots the sample (normalized) auto mutual information function
of x
up to lag lag.max
.
amif (x, lag.max = NULL, maxbit = 20, confidence = 0.2, ci = 0.95, nsurr = 20, fft = FALSE, amplitude = FALSE, normalized = TRUE, trace = FALSE, plot = TRUE, ...) plot (object, ci.col = "blue", ylab = "AMIF", ...)
x |
a numeric vector or time series. |
lag.max |
a scalar lag parameter. |
maxbit |
the maximum resolution in bit to which the precision of the data will be limited; also limits the maximum partition depth. It cannot exceed an overall maximum of 25 bit. |
confidence |
the confidence level for the chi-square-test which tests the point distribution in substructures of the probability area upon uniformity. A substructure is assumed if the deviation from a uniform point distribution occurs with a probability less than the significance niveau. Possible settings are: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 0.9, 0.95, 0.98, 0.99. |
ci |
coverage probability for confidence bound. Plotting of
the confidence bound is suppressed if ci is zero or negative. |
nsurr |
the number of surrogate samples to compute the confidence
bound. To obtain "good" confidence bounds, set nsurr to at least
a value of 500 . |
fft |
a logical indicating whether phase randomized surrogate data is generated. |
amplitude |
a logical indicating whether amplitude-adjusted surrogate data is computed. |
normalized |
a logical indicating whether the normalized auto mutual information function is computed. |
trace |
a logical indicating whether additional output from the computation is traced. |
plot |
a logical indicating whether the AMIF is plotted. |
object |
an object of class "amif" . |
ci.col |
color to plot the confidence bound. |
ylab |
the title for the y axis. |
... |
either additional arguments to plot.amif
(amif ), or additional arguments to plot.acf
(plot.amif ). |
If plot
is TRUE
, then
the AMIF is plotted. Further, the confidence bound for the null of
surrogate data is computed by Monte-Carlo simulation percentiles
and plotted. If any temporal dependence is
under question, then the null is an i.i.d. series and scrambled
surrogates can be used (the default). In the case of testing
non-linearity against linearity, setting the switch fft
is
appropriate. It generates surrogates with the same spectrum as
x
. If the switch amplitude
is set in addition, then
surrogates xs
with the following properties are used: First, xs
has the same histogram as x
. Second, G(xs)
has the
same Fourier spectra as G(x)
, where G(.)
is the
transformation from the histogram of x
to a Gaussian
distribution.
The simulations are computed with the actual values of
maxbit
and confidence
.
Missing values are not allowed.
To compute the mutual information between two random variables, an implementation of the algorithm of Fraser and Swinney (1986) is used.
An object of class c("amif","acf")
.
Fraser and Swinney (1986) algorithm: The group of F. W. Schneider at the University of Wuerzburg, Germany: Authors T. M. Kruel, Institut fuer Physikalische Chemie, University of Wuerzburg, Germany, and K. Krischer, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
Port to R, implementation of AMIF, and scramble device: A. Trapletti.
C. Granger and J. L. Lin (1994): Using the Mutual Information Coefficient to Identify Lags in Non-Linear Models. Journal of Time Series Analysis 15, pp. 371-384.
A. M. Fraser and H. L. Swinney (1986): Independent Coordinates for Strange Attractors from Mutual Information. Physical Review A 33, pp. 1134-1140.
n <- 1000 # Length of simulated time series e <- rnorm (n) # Generate ARCH(1) process x <- double (n) x[1] <- rnorm (1) for (i in 2:n) { x[i] <- e[i]*sqrt(0.1+0.4*x[i-1]^2) } x <- ts(x) plot (x) # Each test takes about 3 sec on a Pentium II 300MHz amif (x, lag.max=5) # i.i.d. vs. any dependence amif (x, lag.max=5, fft=TRUE) # linear vs. non-linear amif (x, lag.max=5, fft=TRUE, amplitude=TRUE) e <- rnorm (n) # Generate AR(1) process x <- double (n) x[1] <- rnorm (1) for (i in 2:n) { x[i] <- 0.4*x[i-1]+e[i] } x <- ts(x) plot (x) amif (x, lag.max=5) # i.i.d. vs. any dependence amif (x, lag.max=5, fft=TRUE) # linear vs. non-linear amif (x, lag.max=5, fft=TRUE, amplitude=TRUE)